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Studies in Amos – No. 1

 

THE  TROUBLE-MAKER  FROM  TEKOA !!

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INTRODUCTION…

He was not a preacher … just a humble shepherd in the Judean wilderness. Tekoa is about 12 miles south of Jerusalem.

The only university he had known was the “School of Hard Knocks.’  He had never studied Homiletics, nor did he wear a silken gown with a back-to-front collar.

But when God called him to visit the ungodly Northern House of Israel and denounce the sin of that nation, he was quick to respond.

 Amos 3:7-8 The lion has roared--tremble in fear!  The Sovereign LORD has spoken--I dare not refuse to proclaim his message!

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1.       A MAN WITH A SOCIAL CONSCIENCE

This Biblical prophet is the hero of the social gospeller of today;  those who tackle society’s evils but fail to proclaim the old-time gospel of a Saviour who died to deal with the problem of man’s sin.

True … there are social implications to the Gospel.  But the Lord Jesus came to be a Saviour, not a Social Reformer.  The way to deal with the world’s problems is by changing the hearts of men.  Regeneration, not outward reformation, is what is needed.

Nevertheless, Amos sets a fine example tackling the evils of the House of Israel.  He is scathing in his condemnation.

Amos 2:6  This is what the LORD says: "The people of Israel have sinned again and again, and I will not forget it.  I will not let them go unpunished any longer!  They have perverted justice by selling honest people for silver and poor people for a pair of sandals.  7 They trample helpless people in the dust and deny justice to those who are oppressed.  Both father and son sleep with the same woman, corrupting my holy name.  8 At their religious festivals, they lounge around in clothing stolen from their debtors.  In the house of their god, they present offerings of wine purchased with stolen money.

 

And again …

Amos 5:10 How you hate honest judges!  How you despise people who tell the truth! 11 You trample the poor and steal what little they have through taxes and unfair rent.  Therefore, you will never live in the beautiful stone houses you are building.  You will never drink wine from the lush vineyards you are planting.  12 For I know the vast number of your sins and rebellions.  You oppress good people by taking bribes and deprive the poor of justice in the courts.  13 So those who are wise will keep quiet, for it is an evil time………………  21 "I hate all your show and pretence--the hypocrisy of your religious festivals and solemn assemblies.  22 I will not accept your burnt offerings and grain offerings.  I won't even notice all your choice peace offerings. 23 Away with your hymns of praise!  They are only noise to my ears.  I will not listen to your music, no matter how lovely it is.  24 Instead, I want to see a mighty flood of justice, a river of righteous living that will never run dry.

 

And notice the sarcasm of his attack on their hypocrisy …

Amos 4:4  "Go ahead and offer your sacrifices to the idols at Bethel and Gilgal.  Keep on disobeying--your sins are mounting up!  Offer sacrifices each morning and bring your tithes every three days!  5 Present your bread made with yeast as an offering of thanksgiving. Then give your extra voluntary offerings so you can brag about it everywhere! This is the kind of thing you Israelites love to do," says the Sovereign LORD.

 

But Amos also called upon them to repent of their sin … and turn to the Lord…. a note so often missing in many a modern-day pulpit.

Amos 5:4 Now this is what the LORD says to the family of Israel: "Come back to me and live!  5 Don't go to worship the idols of Bethel, Gilgal, or Beersheba.  For the people of Gilgal will be dragged off into exile, and the people of Bethel will come to nothing."  6 Come back to the LORD and live!

 

2.       A MAN OF PLAIN SPEECH

He was not the kind of speaker you would invite to your Ladies’ Pleasant Sunday Afternoon Fellowship…  In the town square at Samaria, capital of the House of Israel, he hears some women giggle at him and perhaps pass a rude comment.  He turns on them with “the most vitriolic attack in the Old Testament” (R.L. Smith). 

Pointing his weather-beaten finger at them he says …

Amos 4:1 Listen to me, you "fat cows" of Samaria, you women who oppress the poor and crush the needy and who are always asking your husbands for another drink! 2 The Sovereign LORD has sworn this by his holiness: "The time will come when you will be led away with hooks in your noses.  Every last one of you will be dragged away like a fish on a hook!  I, the LORD, have spoken!

 

And thus it literally came to pass when the Assyrian armies conquered their land and led them away captive about 40 years later.

In a series of visions he sees, and expounds to the mocking crowd, the coming judgment.

 

For example …

Amos 8:1 Then the Sovereign LORD showed me another vision.  In it I saw a basket filled with ripe fruit.  2 "What do you see, Amos?" he asked.  I replied, "A basket full of ripe fruit.  "Then the LORD said, "This fruit represents my people of Israel -- ripe for punishment!  I will not delay their punishment again.

 

The play on words in the Hebrew is captured here by The Living Bible translation: Ripe fruit … ripe for judgment!

 

3.       A MAN WHO COUNTED THE COST

Coming from the southern House of Judah to denounce the sins of the Northern House of Israel was fraught with danger.  But God’s hand was upon him.  The call was unmistakable.  Preach he must.

Amaziah, an idolatrous priest, denounces and misrepresents Amos to King Jeroboam II.

Amos 7:10 But when Amaziah, the priest of Bethel, heard what Amos was saying, he rushed a message to King Jeroboam:  “Amos is hatching a plot against you right here on your very doorstep!  What he is saying is intolerable.  It will lead to rebellion all across the land.  11 He is saying, ‘Jeroboam will soon be killed (Not true!!) and the people of Israel will be sent away into exile’” (True!!).  12 Then Amaziah sent orders to Amos: "Get out of here, you seer!  Go on back to the land of Judah and do your preaching there!  13 Don't bother us here in Bethel with your prophecies, especially not here where the royal sanctuary is!"  14 But Amos replied, "I'm not one of your professional prophets.  I certainly never trained to be one.  I'm just a shepherd, and I take care of fig trees.  15 But the LORD called me away from my flock and told me, ‘Go and prophesy to my people in Israel. 16 "Now then, listen to this message from the LORD!  You say, ‘Don't prophesy against Israel. Stop preaching against my people.  17 But this is what the LORD says: “Because you have refused to listen, your wife will become a prostitute in this city, and your sons and daughters will be killed.  Your land will be divided up, and you yourself will die in a foreign land.  And the people of Israel will certainly become captives in exile, far from their homeland."

 

With that, Amos ‘shakes the dust off his feet’, and returns to Tekoa.

Israel fails to repent so the predicted judgment comes!

 

4.       A MAN WHO KNEW HIS GOD … AND WAS KNOWN BY HIS GOD

Amos 7:7 Then he showed me another vision. …. 8 And the LORD said to me, “Amos, what do you see?”

 

God called him by his name, “Amos!” which is a pretty rare thing in the pages of Scripture.  But it is a reminder that “He calleth His own sheep by name” (John 10:3).  In the eyes of man Amos was but a humble shepherd.  In the eyes of God he was one of His sheep.

 

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CONCLUSION…

An incident in the life of Moses has that man of God saying, “Would to God that all the Lord’s people were prophets!” … Men and women, like Amos, who have a social conscience, but neglect not the old-time Gospel.  Men and women, like Amos, who are quick to respond to the call of God in spite of adverse circumstances, misrepresentation and ridicule.  Men and women, like Amos, who know their God intimately.

 

This ‘Trouble Maker from Tekoa’, as some might call him.  is both an example and a challenge to all who profess to be followers of the Son of God.

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 2

 

INTRODUCTION  TO  AMOS

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INTRODUCTION

It is impossible to grasp the truths enshrined in the prophetical books without some historical and even geographical background knowledge.

Amos comes from TEKOA (look at a map!) to prophesy against the Northern House of Israel.  Tekoa is a village in the Southern Kingdom of Judah.

It is about 750 BC.

Bethel is the centre of Israel’s idolatry … and the king’s chapel!  But this fearless man of God has heard the call to “Go!” … so go he does.  (3:7-8).

In chapter 7:9-17 we are given a glimpse of the opposition Amos faced as he proclaimed the coming judgement.  Amaziah, apostate priest at Bethel, clashes with him violently.

 

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1.          AMAZIAH MISREPRESENTS AMOS … 7:11

Amos did not say that Israel’s king would die in battle.  As far as we know he did not! (2 Kings 14:29).  But Amos did say that Jeroboam’s dynasty would come to an end (v. 9).  And it did!

God’s servants are ofttimes misrepresented by their enemies!

 

2.          AMAZIAH REBUKES AMOS … 7:12-13

He implies that Amos is in this preaching business for the money!

 

3.          AMAZIAH HEARS AMOS … 7:14-17

This servant of the Lord replies that it is not for PROFIT, nor is it his PROFESSION, nor his PARENTAGE (“not the son of a prophet” K.J.V.), but PROVIDENCE has put him where he is.  God had called him (v. 15).

 

Five woes are pronounced upon Amaziah … his wife, his children, his property, his own self, and his nation, are all doomed! (v. 17).

 

 OUTLINE OF AMOS

          8 WOES upon various nations … 1:3-2:16

                    3 SERMONS against Israel … 3:1-6:14

                             5 VISIONS and the clash with Amaziah … 7:1-9:10

                                       EPILOGUE: the Restoration of Israel … 9:11-15

 

Read the entire book of Amos at one sitting.

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 3

 

EIGHT  WOES  AGAINST  EIGHT  NATIONS  :  1:3-2:16

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INTRODUCTION

The Eight Woes against Eight Nations are found in 1:3 to 2:16, each message commencing with the same formula, “The Lord says…” (1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13;  2:1, 4, 6).  And each speaks of “fire” coming upon them:  1:4, 7, 10, 12, 14;  2:2, 5).

 

Whilst the first five nations have attacked Israel (or Judah), the Moabites will be judged because of their sacrilegious act toward the King of Edom (2:1).  God is the God of the whole world, not just the God of Israel!  And He punishes sin wherever it is found.

 

1.          DAMASCUS (1:3) ... Capital of Syria.  They will be judged for their BARBARIC DESTRUCTION of Gilead.  (See a map … every time we come across a place name!)

2.       GAZA (1:6-8) … a major Philistine town.  Guilty of SLAVE TRAFFICKING.

3.       TYRE (1:9-10) … city in Phoenicia … COVENANT BREAKING.

4.          EDOM (1:11-12) … Guilty of PITILESS HOSTILITY against God’s people.

5.          AMMON (1:13-15) … SAVAGE BRUTALITY is their crime.

6.          MOAB (2:1-3) … and their SACRILEGIOUS INSULT. 

 

<Notice> the first three are unrelated to Israel … but the Edomites were descended from Esau, Jacob’s brother!  And Ammon and Moab were sons of Lot, Abraham’s nephew.

 

Now, with No. 7 we get closer still to the House of Israel!

 

7.          JUDAH! (2:4-5) … Guilty of SPIRITUAL BLINDNESS!  

 
Up until now the crowd in the market place of Bethel have cheered on this Hillbilly preacher from ‘down south’!  Even an odd “Hallelujah” probably!

 

But then comes the bombshell!  Amos attacks

 

8.          ISRAEL! (2:6-16) … and their BLATANT HYPOCRISY!

Beneath an outward veneer of religious rites and ceremonies the nation of Israel was morally decadent.

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 4

 

THREE  SERMONS  AGAINST  ISRAEL  :  3:1-6:14

 

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The Three Sermons which follow indicate the depths to which Israel has fallen …

 

1.       THE WICKEDNESS OF ISRAEL

 

(a)          IDOLATRY … Bethel was the site of a Golden Calf, worshipped as their God! (1 Kings 12:28).

 

(b)          INHUMANITY.  They sold the poor as slaves … they did not return at nightfall the cloaks given as a pledge (as commanded in Exodus 22:26), and they “trample on the weak and helpless…” (2:6-8).

 

(c)          IMMORALITY is a part of their religious worship! (2:7).

 

(d)          INDIFFERENCE “to the bleeding wounds of the nation” (6:6 Moffat translation) (see 6:3-6).  

 

(e)          INJUSTICE … they turn “justice into poison and make right come out as wrong” (6:12).  That, says Amos, is as foolish as trying to plough the sea with oxen.  The righteous Judge will punish them for this

 

(f)          INSOLENCE … 6:8, 13.

 

<Notice> that these three sermons all commence with “Listen”! (3:1;  4:1;  5:1) and end with “so…” (3:11;  4:12;  5:16).

 

2.       THE WARNINGS TO ISRAEL … 4:6-12

 

In the days of the Judges such calamities had produced a repentance in the hearts of His people … drought, famine, plague, war … all this was foretold by Moses as the fruits of rebellion (Deuteronomy 28…).

But the heart of Israel in the day of Amos was hardened against these warnings from their God.

 

3.       THE “WISDOM” OF ISRAEL is human wisdom.  They are basking in …

 

(a)          FALSE HOPE … (5:18-20).  They actually think the Messianic Age is about to dawn … and that they will be blest!  You are in for a shock, says Amos!!

 

(b)          FALSE WORSHIP … (5:21-24)!  Without holy living their sacrifices and religious sons are a mockery.

 

(c)          FALSE SECURITY … (6:1).  They are “at ease in Samaria”, expecting the strong walls of their city to save them from any attacker … and thinking that God will deliver them anyway!  How wrong they were!

 

4.       THE WOE UPON ISRAEL … 3:12-4:3

 

Therefore … Judgment is coming!

 

Thirty years later this pronouncement of doom was fulfilled.  The dreaded Assyrian army led Israel away into captivity (2 Kings 17:6-7).

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 5

 

FIVE  VISIONS  :  7:1-9:10

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Amos now introduces us to a series of Five Visions … each one mounting in intensity …

 

1.       THE DEVOURING LOCUSTS … 7:1-3

As they swarm across the land this herdsman from Tekoa lifts his voice in intercession … and the plague is stayed!! (vv 2-3.)

The phrase, “The Lord changed His mind” is what theologians call an (wait for it!) anthropomorphism!!  That means that the writers of Scripture sometimes use human terms to describe God.  And, after all, human terms are all we have!  Strictly speaking God does not change His mind…

 

The lesson of this vision is that Judgement was INTERCEPTED … and need never have fallen if the nation of Israel had cried out to their God.

 

2.       THE CONSUMING FIRE … 7:4-6

This time the Judgement is IMPEDED in its onslaught!  It has already started to “burn up the land” (v. 4), but again Amos prays and sees the judgement cease.

“More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of…”

 

3.       THE DIVINE PLUMBLINE … 7:7-8

A plumbline is a builder’s tool used to determine how straight a wall is…  This wall was originally straight (v. 7), but now is ‘out of plumb’.

Israel is the wall … once walking with their God and now far from Him.

God’s ‘Plumbline’ is His Law … and they had shattered every commandment.  So Judgement was now INEVITABLE!

 

<Notice> how the Lord calls Amos by name (v. 8)!  The New Testament reminds us that He calleth His sheep by name, too (John 10:3).

 

4.       THE RIPE FRUIT … 8:1-3

There is a pun here with is not evidence in our English version.

The Hebrew word for ‘fruit’ (v. 2) is “Kaits” … RIPE fruit!

The Hebrew word for ‘end’ (v. 2) is “Kets” … almost the same sound.  Perhaps we could paraphrase it to capture the thrust of Amos’ pun…  “I see a basket of RIPE fruit” … and the Lord says, “Yes, and my people are RIPE for judgement!”

 

In this vision Judgement is now IMMINENT!

 

5.       THE STANDING LORD … 9:1-4

The Hebrew judge would sit to hear the case before him … and stand to pronounce the sentence.  And the Lord is already standing…

And He stands upon the altar.  That which is a place of salvation when the sacrifice is upon it can be a place of judgement when the sacrifice is despised.  In our day men and women will be … and are (John 3:18) judged by their relationship to the One who offered Himself a sacrifice on the altar of Calvary.

And the message of this vision is that there is no escape!  Nowhere to hide!  Judgement is INESCAPABLE!

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 6

 

 Sins of the Nation    :  8:4-14

 

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These verses again outline the sins of the nation and pronounce the coming captivity.

 

1.       THEY DESTROY THE POOR … 8:4

Oppression of the needy, instead of showing mercy and charity toward them.

 

2.       THEY DESECRATE THE SABBATH … 8:5

Not by actually working on it, but even on that Holy Day their mind is still taken up with materialism.

 

3.       THEY DECEIVE THE BUYER … 8:5-6

False weights are another way of breaking the ninth commandment…  “Thou shalt not bear false witness…”

 

So…

 

(a)     They will be Distressed … v. 8.  The earthquake is coming! (1:1).

 

(b)     They will be Disregarded … vv 11-12.  God will not answer their dry!

 

(c)      They will be Dispossessed … 5:27 … taken captive into a heathen land!

 

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“Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent.  If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee.”  Revelation 3:3.

 

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Studies in Amos  -  No. 7

 

 EPILOGUE :  The Restoration of Israel  :  9:8-15

 

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INTRODUCTION

As Amos brings his message to a close there breaks through these storm-clouds of doom a ray of hope … there will be a future restoration of God’s people, at least, some of them! (v. 8b).

The wheat will be separated from the worthless chaff (vv 9-10), and the faithful remnant will be saved!

And it is here we strike controversy.  Good evangelical Christians differ as to the interpretation of these closing verses.

 

     WHEN  will  the  Lord  “restore  the  kingdom  of  David” ??   (v. 11)   

 

1.       THIS RESTORATION IS OFTEN FORETOLD IN THE OLD           TESTAMENT

 

(a)     It was promised to David himself (1 Chronicles 17:11-12).  One of David’s descendants will sit upon his throne, we are told.

                    Isaiah foretells the same fact … 11:1;  16:5

                    So does Jeremiah … 21:5-6

                    And Zechariah … 6:12-13

                    And Amos … 9:11

 

2.       THIS RESTORATION WAS PARTIALLY FULFILLED

… when David’s descendant, Zerubbabel, led a remnant of Jews back from Babylon.  Representatives from all the twelve tribes returned (Ezra 2:70).

And had these Jews kept God’s Law days of blessing would have surely returned.  Instead of which they drifted back into their old sinful ways again (Malachi 1:7-8).

 

3.       THIS RESTORATION IS REFERRED TO IN CONNECTION WITH THE FIRST ADVENT OF OUR LORD JESUS

Luke 1:31-32 states that He would sit upon the throne of His father (ancestor) David!

 

But when???   Aye…   There’s the rub!!!

 

Many Christians would see these verses fulfilled during an earthly period of 1000 years… yet to come after the Lord Jesus returns.

 

It will be time of :

 

(a)          POSSESSION … v. 12.  God’s people will be secure in their own land.

 

(b)          PROSPERITY … v. 13.  Amos paints a picture of material blessings galore!

 

(c)          PEACE … v. 14.  No more trouble from enemies.  As other prophets express it… “the lion will lie down with the lamb”.

 

(d)          PERPETUITY … v. 15 … they will “not be pulled up again.”  And obviously, that did not take place after the return from Babylon.

 

So those who hold the Pre-Millennial view of prophecy hold that it is yet awaiting fulfilment.  On that Day the Lord Jesus will sit on a LITERAL throne of David, as the old prophets said.

 

·        OR DID THEY ???

 

For other Christians see this prophecy fulfilled by the resurrection of Christ.  It was then, they assure us, that He sat on David’s throne … and that IS what Acts 2:31-32 does say!!

In which case it is not a literal kingdom of 1000 years after the Second Coming, but a spiritual kingdom here and now!

 

Jesus DID say that His Kingdom was not of this world (John 18:36).  And Paul tells us that we who are believers are already in His Kingdom (Colossians 1:13).

And to clinch it … at the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15, James actually quotes these verses (Amos 9:11-12) and applies it to the Church!!  (Acts 15:13-18.)

 

This means that Amos sees the birth of a new People of God, a “new Israel” comprised of saved Jews and saved Gentiles …“IF ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed” (Galatians 3:29) ...  and in Old Testament language he is describing the New Testament blessings!  For the Christian there is Possession and Prosperity (spiritual blessings galore!) and Peace and Perpetuity.  Not just for 1000 years, but for Eternity!

 

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Like the rest of those men of God who are referred to as “Minor” prophets, Amos sure packed a Major Message!!

 

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