Studies in Philippians …

 

ON THE ROAD  TO  PHILIPPI

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INTRODUCTION

Bing and Bob took the “Road to Morocco” … and “… Rio”.

Let’s follow Paul and Silas on the Road to Philippi.

And an interesting and instructive journey it will be.    See Acts 16:1-13.

 

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1.          PHILIPPI’S  PAST HISTORY

 

356 BC          Originally a part of the Kingdom of Thrace, it was conquered by Philip II of Macedon.  He renamed it after himself.

334 BC       It becomes a miliary base for Philip II’s son … Alexander the Great.  He is on his march eastward to conquer the world.

168 BC          Macedonia (including Philippi) is conquered by the armies of Rome.

42 BC        The Roman Civil War takes place … the forces of Octavius and Mark Antony meet those of Brutus and Cassius on the plains of Philippi (See Shakespeare’s “Julius Caesar”).

A victorious Octavius makes Philippi a Roman colony (Acts 16:12).  Most of the population are soldiers from the recent war.  The citizens of Philippi are tax exempt.  Those born there automatically become Roman citizens.  Roman law is used … and Roman dress and language and coinage.  Philippi becomes a ‘miniature Rome’.

31 BC    Octavius is made Emperor by the Roman Senate.  He takes the title “Augustus Caesar” … and he it is who makes a decree “that all the world should be taxed”, resulting in the journey of Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem (Luke 2:1).

30 BC           Octavius and Mark Antony fall out!  The latter has become infatuated with Cleopatra of Egypt.  And at the Battle of Actium Antony is defeated.

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2.  PAUL’S MINISTRY

 

Alexander the Great had journeyed from Philippi to conquer the world for his own glory.

Paul journeyed to Philippi to conquer the world for Christ.

Alexander went eastward … Paul westward.

Alexander went in bronze armour with swords and shields.  Paul went in the ‘whole armour of God’, armed with the ‘Sword of the Spirit which is the Word of God’ (Ephesians 6:11, 17).   Alexander left death and destruction in his wake … Paul left hope and joy and the message of Life Eternal.

* * * * * * * * * *

Acts 16 records the journey.  From Syrian Antioch through Asia Minor to Troas.  Then by ship to Samothrace (off the coast of Gallipoli) and on to Neapolis.  The gospel has arrived in Europe for the first time!!

But Paul (and Silas and Timothy and Luke) do not tarry at Neapolis … they press on 10 miles inland … on the Road to Philippi.

Here the gospel is planted in the heart of Lydia, a wealthy merchant woman.  And in the heart of a slave girl.  And a Roman prison guard.  Three stratas of society … the rich, the slave, and the middle class.  And we have here three different nationalities … a lady from Thyatira in Asia Minor, a Greek slave-girl, and a Roman citizen.  And, we might add, a Jewish preacher!

They become “all one in Christ Jesus”  (Galatians 3:28).

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3.       THE PRESENT RELEVANCY

 

For our conversation is in heaven;  from whence also we look for the Saviour (3:20).

Dr Moffat translates it … “We are a colony of Heaven!!”

Just as Philippi was a far-flung outpost of Rome … so the church is a far-flung outpost of Heaven.  We live by Heaven’s Laws.  We dress in accord with Heaven’s standards … not the world’s!  We speak like a citizen of Heaven ought to speak.  We act like citizens of Heaven … “Thy Will be done on earth as it is in Heaven.”  At least, we ought to.

The church is a colony of Heaven!!

 

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Study No. 1  -  Philippians 1:1-1:26

 

REJOICING  DESPITE  SUFFERING

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“The loveliest letter Paul ever penned” is how one commentator describes this Epistle. We are away from the smoke of controversy and the din of combating heresy.  Apart from one small problem in the Philippian church, it is a joy to the heart of the apostle.

And that word “JOY” is a keynote struck throughout these chapters.

Read the Epistle through at one sitting and count the number of times “joy”, “rejoicing” and “gladness” appear.  And write your answer here ________.

 

* * * * * * * * * *

Paul writes from Rome where he is under house-arrest (Acts 28:30). He is chained to a Roman soldier (Philippians 1:13; 16). He may be sentenced to death when the trial takes place (2:17). And he is rejoicing!!  (1:18).

 

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1.       THE PRAISE HE BESTOWED … 1:1-8

It is about ten years since Paul planted the church at Philippi and he has never been able to return and visit them.  But he recalls with joy that first meeting (Acts 16:12 ff) and has prayed for them ever since (vs. 3-4).

Some pastors have their church on their mind all the time, some on their lips, some on their nerves … but Paul had this church on his heart (v. 7).

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2.       THE PRAYER HE OFFERED … 1:9-11

There are four things here for which he prayed …

 

(a)     That their Love will deepen … v. 9

 

(b)     That their Discernment will sharpen … vs. 9b-10a

 

(c)      That their Holiness will be open … v. 10b … for all to see … and that those who do see it will give God the glory.

 

(d)     That their Spiritual fruit will ripen … v. 11 … “the fruits of righteousness” (KJV) will be cultivated by the Divine Gardener.

 

And every virtue we possess

And every victory won,

And every thought of holiness

Are His alone.                       (Harriet Auber)

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3.       THE PLIGHT HE SUFFERED … 1:12-18.

Paul’s arrest in Rome has led to various reactions. He is still free to preach, witness and write.  Four of the Epistles in our New Testament come from this time of imprisonment. 

(As a matter of fact, 20 of the 27 books in our New Testament are written by men with a prison record!!) He is the talk of Caesar’s palace … and the barracks (v. 13) … it may be that some of those mentioned in 4:22 were his recent converts!

Some Christians had been emboldened in their witness … the example of Paul had spurred them on in their Christian commitment (v. 14).

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4.       THE PASSION HE DISPLAYED … vs. 19-24

In the KJV it says …

“FOR ME TO LIVE IS CHRIST!”   (v. 21)

 

It simply means that Christ Jesus is everything to Paul … his whole life is wrapped up in serving Him.  It is the all-consuming passion that dominates and motivates his life.

Whether he is executed … or set free (in which case he will be able to help the church, v. 24) … whatever comes, he is with Him!  The word “go” in verse 23 (in the KJV it reads “depart”) is a word used by Greek sailors.  It means to ‘sail away’ from this harbour into that haven awaiting God’s children on Canaan’s shore.

 

Hallelujah!!

 

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Study No. 2  -  Philippians 1:26-2:16

 

REJOICING  IN  SOUL-WINNING

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In our first study we met the apostle Paul … faithful in his prayer-life for the church at Philippi, and rejoicing in his imprisonment.  It had resulted in opportunities to witness and emboldened fellow believers to become more involved in serving the Lord.  Paul was desirous of the death sentence … for that would mean being with his Lord (1:21) … but he realises that there is still plenty of ministry in which the Lord may want him involved on earth (1:25-26).

* * * * * * * * * *

Now he speaks of the Philippian church … and gives some exhortations to them, knowing they will obey him, as usual (2:12). The ‘heart’ of this section (1:27-2:16) is EVANGELISM.  We are saved to be ‘fishers of men’.  Philippians 1:27 speaks of “striving together for the faith of the Gospel …”, and our section closes with the same emphasis:  “Holding forth the word of Life” (2:16).

 

* * * * * * * * * *

 

STAND FAST!!  (1:27)                                                HOLD FORTH!! (2:16)

          (1:27-2:4)                                                                        (2:12-16)

(a)   Harmoniously  (1:27)                                                 (a)  Individually  (2:12)

(b)   Fearlessly  (1:28)                                                  (b)  Fearfully  (2:12)

(c)   Humbly  (2:3-4)                                                         (c)  Boldly  (2:15)

 

THE LORD JESUS  (2:5-11)

(a)  His Self-humbling  (2:5-8)

(b)  His Exaltation  (2:9-11)

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Now let us examine this in more detail …

 

1.          STAND FAST … for the faith of the Gospel!  (1:27-2:4)

 

(a)     The only problem with which Paul had to deal in the Philippian church was that of two women who had clashed (4:2).  He sided with neither party.  He loved them “all” … read the first chapter and count how many times he says just that … and write your answer here _______.

In every chapter he pleads for HARMONY in the church (1:27;  2:2;  3:15-16;  4:2).

In the ‘orchestra’ of the saints we may not all play the same note, or even the same instrument … but we have the same score (of music) and the same Conductor … and we should harmonize with each other!

 

(b)     And we should proclaim the “Good News” (1:27) FEARLESSLY.  Do not fear what man may do to you … fear God!  (Matthew 10:28).

 

(c)          HUMBLY2:3-4.  Put others before self.  Beware of the attitude that the Bishop displayed when asked if he knew of a good book on “Humility”.  With chest puffed out he replied, “Mine!”

A factious, frightened, full-of-oneself Christian will never be an effective soul-winner. 

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2.          HOLDING FORTH … the Gospel!  (2:12-16)

 

(a)     There is an INDIVIDUAL aspect to all this … “Work out your OWN salvation …” is how the KJV puts is (v. 12).

Not that we work to be saved … but we are to work out that which God has wrought in!  And nobody (humanly speaking!) can do that for you!

 

(b)     We are to be FEARLESS in our presentation of the gospel (1:28) … yet FEARFUL that we may “displease God” (2:12).

 

(c)      In this sinful world we are to BOLDLY shine like beacon lights … telling the world that the Saviour has come!  Paul says, as any pastor worth his salt would say:  “If you do that I’ll be rejoicing when the Lord returns!”  (2:16).

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Now between (1) and (2) is a great passage about the person and work of the Lord Jesus (see chart on previous page).  It is full of doctrine.  Theologians have waged verbal wars over these verses and many volumes have been penned.  These verses describe our Lord’s SELF-HUMBLING (2:5-8), and his subsequent EXALTATION (2:9-11).

 

The question is:  What is it doing in the midst of this section dealing with how the Philippians (and us!) should preach the Gospel?

 

3.          FOLLOWING the Saviour’s Example …

 

He “humbled Himself” (2:7), and was willing to leave the courts of Glory for sinners.  Even to die for them.  For us ……

And that’s the kind of love for others that should motivate us in our soul-winning endeavours.  Your attitude should be the kind that was shown to us by Jesus Christ … 2:5!!!

These verses were not penned to argue over or fight about … but to show believers that ‘selflessness’ is to motivate our service.

 

* * * * * * * * * *

 

“Holding Forth the Word of Life”

(Philippians 2:16)

 

 

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Study No. 3  -  Philippians 2:17-30

 

REJOICING  IN  SACRIFICIAL  SERVICE

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Again we turn to Paul’s joy-filled Epistle.

In our previous study (1:17-2:16) we saw him exhorting the believers at Philippi to stand “united”, “in one spirit”, “with one mind”, “of one accord” etc.!

And he confronted them with the supreme example of the Lord Jesus who thought of the welfare of others even though it meant the Cross (2:5-8). And that, said Paul, is the kind of attitude that should motivate us (2:5) … “Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus…”

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Now we come to three more examples of folk who put others before themselves ……

 

1.       THE EXAMPLE OF PAUL … vs. 17-18

 

I had a little tea party

this afternoon at three.

’Twas very small –

three guests in all –

just I, Myself, and Me.

Myself ate up all the sandwiches,

While I drank up the tea.

’Twas also I who ate the pie

and passed the cake to Me.

 

Unlike the little Miss in our poem, Paul was willing to suffer, and even face death, for the sake of others.   The imagery used by the apostle is taken from the Old Testament.  He speaks of his blood being poured out like a Drink Offering.  Numbers 28:7 tells of the 3 pints of wine poured over the sacrifice in the Mosaic ritual.  The sacrificial gift sent to him by the church at Philippi (4:8) may see his life-blood shed over it (2:17).

Paul’s reaction to this imminent death is one of joy … as he said earlier, “To die is gain” for the Christian (1:21). And he calls upon them to rejoice too … if that is now things turn out (2:18).

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2.       THE EXAMPLE OF TIMOTHY … vs. 19-24

 

Paul’s “son in the faith” (2:22) is a joy to his heart. 

It is Paul’s intention to send Timothy to Philippi to minister to them (v. 19), but that all depends on how the trial goes and whether he is put to death or released (v. 23).  It may be Paul will be free to visit them personally (v. 24). In any case, Timothy is totally committed to service others.  He does not “seek his own” … but is one of those choice saints who has “the mind of Christ” (vs. 20-21).

Others, Lord, yes, others,

Let this my motto be:

Help me to live for others …

That I may live like Thee.            (A. Meigs)

 

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3.       THE EXAMPLE OF EPAPHRODITUS … vs. 25-30

 

Not only Paul, the likely sacrifice (2:17) and Timothy, the faithful servant (2:22), but Epaphroditus the “fellow soldier” (v. 25, KJV), who is described as being alongside Paul in the “Battle” (v. 25) against evil, is another example of a believer who thought of others.

And in the battle he nearly became a casualty.  Twice Paul says that Epaphroditus was at the point of death (vs. 27, 30).

There is no indication in this passage that God miraculously healed this man.  Paul did not tell him to ‘claim his healing’. On the contrary, Paul speaks of his restoration to health as an act of God’s mercy … not only to Epaphroditus, “but to me also” (v. 27).  That means Paul was not sure if his friend would live … but he is thankful God spared him.  Possibly Luke, “the beloved physician” who was in Rome with Paul, may have given some medical assistance.

Notice that Epaphroditus was not concerned so much with his condition as he was that his friends in Philippi were concerned about him! (v. 26).

Now that he has recovered, Paul is sending him back to Philippi (he was the one who had brought their gift to Paul, 4:18) … and the apostle gives him a fine ‘reference’! (2:29).

There is a pun on the name of this man (v. 30) … but you need to know Greek to understand it!

 

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Study No. 4  -  Philippians 3:1-21

 

REJOICING  IN  HIS  SALVATION

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In the third chapter of Philippians the apostle gives us an autobiographical sketch:

                    How he was                   vs. 1-11

                    How he is             vs. 12-19  and

                    How he will be          vs. 20-21

Here is the past, present and future of the Christian life.

 

* * * * * * * * * *

Warren Wiersbe, in his excellent commentary, uses the outline:  The Accountant (1-11), The Athlete (12-19), and The Alien (20-21) … and we will use that outline too.

 

1.       THE ACCOUNTANT

Paul puts in the DEBIT side of his ledger all the things in which he once took pride:

·        Circumcised the 8th day, i.e. born a Jew!  Not a proselyte (v. 5)

·        Of Israel stock … no mixed blood in his veins!

·        A Benjaminite … the favourite son!

·        A Hebrew of the Hebrews … still able to speak the Hebrew tongue (Acts 22:2)

·        A Pharisee … a religious leader!

·        Zealous … not a pew-warmer! (v. 6)

·        Blameless … not a hypocrite …

But none of these – nationality nor orthodoxy nor activity nor morality, or even all of them lumped together – could make him right with God!!

Paul has some harsh words for those false teachers who proclaim such doctrine (vs. 2-3).

Salvation is to be found in Christ – ALONE!  (v. 7).

 

So on the CREDIT side of his ledger Paul puts Him!  (v. 8).

All the vain things that charm me most –

                          I sacrifice them to His blood.                 (Isaac Watts)

 

Note that Paul refers to the Judaizers (those who were teaching the necessity of Jewish rites and ceremonies for salvation) as “dogs” … WOW!!!  (v. 2).

This was the term used by Jews of anyone outside of their race … “Gentile dogs” was a common expression.  And it meant dirty, scavenger dogs whose bite was poisonous!

And Paul uses this description and applies it to JEWS!

 

Not saved are we by trying,

From self can come no aid;

’Tis on the blood relying,

once for our ransom paid.

’Tis looking unto Jesus,

the holy One and Just;

’Tis His great work that saves us,

It is not Try, but Trust.

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2.       THE ATHLETE

Whereas the previous verses had to do with Paul’s conversion – placing his trust in Christ instead of all his human achievements, now we see his progress in the Christian life. Despite the fact that he is in prison he is still seeking to know the Lord’s will … and do it! (v. 13).

The imagery is that of a race-track, perhaps ‘a chariot race’, ( Blaiklock !) and Paul is ‘straining’ every fibre of his being to reach the finishing tape and receive the victor’s crown (v. 14;  II Timothy 4:8). He reminds his readers that the race is a ‘team effort’ – we should be striving together, not striving against each other (vs. 15-16). And there are some ‘non-starters’ (v. 14), who are not even in the race … and will not hear the King’s “Well Done!” at the end of the course (v. 19).

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3.       THE ALIEN

 

The believer is not a citizen of earth on his way to Heaven … he is a citizen of Heaven just ‘passin’ thru’’ down here! (v. 20).   Moffat’s translation that we are a “colony of Heaven” is a reminder that we should walk and talk like folk who belong there.

One day the Lord will return and take us Home (v. 21).  This body that keeps us earth-bound will be changed … and no more subject to pain or sickness, disease or death.

 

“Even so, Come, Lord Jesus”

 

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Study No. 5  -  Philippians 4:1-23

 

REJOICING  DESPITE  CIRCUMSTANCES

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We come to our closing study in this delightful Epistle.

In chapter 1 we saw Paul rejoicing despite suffering, a prisoner of Rome facing possible death.

In chapter 2 we focused upon rejoicing in sacrificial service … the Lord Jesus, Himself, being the supreme example.

In chapter 3 Paul was rejoicing in his Salvation … past, present and future.

Now we see him rejoicing in this fourth chapter over circumstances … whatever they may be!

* * * * * * * * * *

1. BUT THERE IS NO JOY OR PEACE UNLESS OUR FELLOWSHIP IS UNITED! … vs. 1-5

 

J ESUS first,

           O THERS between &

     Y OURSELF last,

spells

J O Y

in the true sense

 

(a)     Stay true … v. 1.  No falling back in the Christian warfare!

(b)     Be team-oriented … vs. 2-3.  Don’t fight one another!!  No falling out!

(c)      Keep telling the Good News … v. 3.  No falling down on the job!  … and the result will be no falling off in your JOY!

Verse 5 is another reminder of the need to ‘think of others’, which has been a constant theme in this letter.

 There is also a reminder in this chapter that not only is the local church to be united … but it is to recognise its wider unity with the Lord’s people.  They are one with Paul some hundreds of miles away.  He thanks them for their gifts (vs. 10, 16), and assures them that God will bless them because of it (vs. 18-19).

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2. THERE IS NO JOY OR PEACE UNLESS OUR PRAYERS ARE OFFERED

(vs. 6-7)

.                                                 Oh, what peace we often forfeit,

         Oh, what needless pains we bear,

All because we do not carry

Everything to God in prayer.

 

His peace will ‘garrison’, ‘act as a sentry’, at your heart’s door.  When you are about to step outside His will, in goes the bayonet into the conscience!  And peace is fled.

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3. THERE IS NO PEACE OR JOY UNLESS THE MIND IS FOCUSED … upon wholesome things … vs. 8-9

As a man thinketh … so is he, said wise Solomon (Proverbs 23:7).

 

And the things upon which we feed our minds will influence our spiritual life.

·        Read Christian literature!

·        Subscribe to a Christian magazine

·        Play Christian music

·        Attend regularly Bible study … and church (of course!!)

Fill your mind with the things that please the Lord – “Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus …”  (Philippians 2:5).

Sow a thought, reap a deed;

Sow a deed, reap a habit;

Sow a habit, reap a character;

Sow a character, reap a destiny!

 

Count the number of times Paul lays stress on the ‘mind’ in this Epistle:

_____ times!

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4. THERE IS NO PEACE OR JOY UNLESS CHRIST IS ENTHRONED (vs. 11-13)

He is the One who gives the strength to face every obstacle.

He is the One who strengthens in the midst of the trials and tribulations of life (v. 13).

To know that He is there … whether in sunshine or storm … is the secret of contentment.  Rich or poor, imprisoned or free, Paul is assured of his Saviour’s love and care … and that’s all he needs to fill his heart with joy (vs. 11-12).

A.S. Way translates these verses :

No, I have learned, in whatever condition I am, to be independent of circumstances.  I am schooled to bear the depths of poverty, I am schooled to bear abundance.  In life as a whole, and in all its circumstances, I have mastered the secret of living – how to be the same amidst repletion and starvation, amidst abundance and privation.  I am equal to every lot, through the help of Him who gives me inward strength.

 

Have I learned that “secret of living”?     Have you?

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CONCLUSION … vs. 20-23

 

Now unto God our Father be glory forever and ever.  Amen.   Sincerely,  Paul.

P.S.  Say “hello” for me to all the Christians there;  the brothers with me send their greetings too.  And all the other Christians here want to be remembered to you, especially those who work in Caesar’s palace.

 The blessings of our Lord Jesus Christ be upon your spirits.

 

So Paul signs off, even sending a word of greeting from the Christians in Rome … some of whom he probably just led to know the Lord!

 

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A Study in Philippians … 

 

RECIPE  FOR  JOY

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The Epistle to the Philippians is the happiest letter that Paul wrote.

And in each chapter he reveals to us the secret of his JOY – a joy the world did not give and a joy the world cannot take away!

* * * * * * * * * *

1.       JOY … IN SUFFERING … 1:14, 18

Despite the fact that he is a prisoner of Rom, he is rejoicing that other Christians are emboldened by his example (1:14).

Even those who seek to advance their position in the church now Paul is out of the way cause the apostle to rejoice.  At least they are preaching Christ!!  (1:18).

And if he is put to death, that’s something to rejoice about, for “to die is gain!” (1:21).

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2.       JOY … IN SERVICE … 2:15-16

There is joy in serving Jesus … both for the converts at Philippi, and the one who led them to know the Saviour.

In II Corinthians 6:10 Paul tells of how he is “sorrowful, yet always rejoicing”!  There are things in this world of ours that sadden us (see Philippians 3:18!).  But there is an underlying Holy Spirit Joy despite all that.

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3.       JOY … IN SALVATION … 3:8-9

In chapter 3 Paul speaks of the great exchange he made.  All his righteousness was put on the scrap heap.  And he laid hold of Christ’s righteousness … by faith! 

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4.       JOY … IN STEADFASTNESS … 4:1-4  ..

Verse 1           No Falling Back when the burdens start pressing.  Stand fast!!

Verse 2          No Falling Out with other fellow believers!  Like ‘Odious’ and ‘Soon Touchy’, as one preacher described these two at Philippi.

Verse 3          No Falling Down on our responsibilities of helping others.

Verse 4          And there will be No Falling Off in our Christian Joy!!

 

* * * * * * * * * *

                                Praise the Lord, Oh my Soul !

 

 

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